About The SQL-99 Standard SQL-92 & SQL-99 Cross Joins Natural Joins Inner Joins Implicit Inner Join Outer Joins Anti Joins Named Sub-Queries

Enhancing Groups With ROLLUP & CUBE Using ROLLUP The GROUPING() Function Using CUBE

Using The CASE Expression Sql Functions: Character Handling What Are The Sql Functions? String Formatting Functions UPPER(), LOWER() Example INITCAP() Example Character Codes Functions CHR(), ASCII() Examples PAD & TRIM FUNCTIONS RPAD() Example RTRIM() Example TRIM() Example String Manipulation Functions DECODE() Example SUBSTR() Example INSTR() Example TRANSLATE() Example REPLACE() Example String Comparison Functions LEAST() Example Phonetic Search Function SOUNDEX() Example

Sql Functions: Numeric Handling About The Numeric Data Functions GREATEST() Example ABS() Example ROUND() Example TRUNC() Example SIGN() Example TO_NUMBER() Example & Data Type Conversions NULL VALUES FUNCTIONS NVL() & NVL2() Function NVL() Example (Character) NVL() Example (Numeric Loss Of Data) NVL() Example (Numeric Output) NVL2() Example COALESCE() Function NULLIF() Function

Sql Functions: Date Handling Date Formatting Functions TO_CHAR() & TO_DATE() Format Patterns TO_CHAR() Examples TO_DATE() Examples EXTRACT() Example DATE ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS MONTHS_BETWEEN() Example ADD_MONTHS() Example LAST_DAY() Example NEXT_DAY() Example TRUNC(), ROUND() Dates Example NEW_TIME() Example About V$TIMEZONE_NAMES CAST() FUNCTION & TIME ZONES

Database Objects: About Database Objects About Database Objects About Schemas Making Object References

Database Objects: Relational Views About Relational Views The Create View Statement Why Use Views? Accessing Views With DML Maintaining View Definitions Alter View Drop View DDL Using SQL Developer

Database Objects: Indexes About Indexes CREATE & DROP INDEX Statements Indexes & Performance Data Dictionary Storage

Database Objects: Creating Other Objects About Sequences Referencing NEXTVAL Referencing CURRVAL Within The DEFAULT Clause ALTER SEQUENCE & DROP SEQUENCE ALTER SEQUENCE DROP SEQUENCE About Identity Columns CREATE TABLE … GENERATED AS IDENTITY ALTER TABLE … GENERATED AS IDENTITY START WITH LIMIT VALUE ALTER TABLE … DROP IDENTITY ABOUT SYNONYMS CREATE & DROP SYNONYM Statements CREATE SYNONYM DROP SYNONYM Public Vs. Private Synonyms CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION

Database Objects: Object Management Using DDL The RENAME Statement TABLESPACE Placement CREATE TABLE … TABLESPACE The COMMENT Statement The TRUNCATE TABLE Statement

Database Objects: Security About Object Security Grant Object Privileges Revoke Object Privileges Object Privileges & SQL Developer

Data Integrity Using Constraints About Constraints NOT NULL Constraint NOT NULL Example CHECK Constraint UNIQUE Constraint PRIMARY KEY Constraint REFERENCES Constraint ON DELETE CASCADE Example ON DELETE SET NULL Example CONSTRAINTS ON EXISTING TABLES Constraints & SQL Developer

Managing Constraint Definitions Renaming & Dropping Constraints Enabling & Disabling Constraints Deferred Constraint Enforcement Set Constraints Handling Constraint Exceptions Constraints With Views Data Dictionary Storage

The Data Dictionary Structure More About The Data Dictionary Object-Specific Dictionary Views USER_UPDATABLE_COLUMNS The Dictionary Structure Metadata & SQL Developer